The English Language Systematically Degrades and Devalues...

The English Language Systematically Degrades and Devalues Women It is often argued that the English language needs to be modernised to keep pace with the rapidly changing societies in the world. One reason for this is many words and their usages are viewed as sexist, in that they are discriminating against individuals based on their gender. In this essay, I shall discuss many factors relevant to the argument that the English language systematically degrades and devalues women. One possible argument in agreement with this statement is that male words and their female equivalents are often asymmetrical in their connotations and†¦show more content†¦Even the word ‘female’ is a marked term derived from ‘male’, and ‘women’ is derived form ‘men’. This repetitive format stems from the fact England has always been a patriarchal society, where female liberation is a relatively new idea, and as a result the English language still strengthens and perpetuates sexist attitudes. However, it is possible to argue that this is gradually changing, and the language is becoming less discriminate, because many marked terms such as ‘authoress’ are dying out; this is a sign of changing attitudes in society. Another illustration of how the English language devalues women more than it does men is that there is a vast amount of insulting lexical usages for females, often with no equivalents for males, and usually with increased negative connotations compared to the insults aimed at males. For example, there are innumerable sexual insults such as ‘whore’, ‘slag’ and ‘slut’ that portray the view that women are sex objects. Lexis that denotes a man’s sexual lifestyle are incontestably more positive in general, for example ‘stud’, ‘player’ and ‘Casanova’. The idea that women are less significant than men is conveyed in the largeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesBritish criminologist, proposed the idea that criminals are shorter, weigh less, and â€Å"mentally defective,† wrote The English Convic: A Statistical Study (1913). Hooten, E.A.: (1887-1954) Anthr opologist and neo-Lombrosian, proposed the idea that crime is caused by physical inferiority, wrote Crime and the Man (1939). Mednick, Sarnoff: Developed the best-known and most systematically stated and tested modern biosocial theory. Chapter 4 Psychological Theories Terms 14 California Psychological

Lab Report On Water Pollution Lab - 977 Words

ENSCI100 Water Pollution Lab Lab 8 Anam Malik 11/10/2017 Objective: The objectives of this lab are to figure out the types bacteria in different sources of water such as the QC fountain and Meadow Lake. We will also make biological analysis and collect data of important parameters in the water quality. We will be able to differentiate between the types of bacteria and its causes in human health. All these factors will let us know which water is drinkable and what factors cause water pollution. We will check three different microbes such Fecal Coliform, E. coli and Enterococci in both QC fountain and lake water. The results from the plates will explain how much bacteria is in the water and how contaminated it is. Hypothesis: My theory†¦show more content†¦Coli. E. Coli is an indicator organism that indicates the presence of the pathogens Giardia and Cryptosporidium therefore showing that Meadow Lake has a higher chance of containing them. Q7. The EPA considers it important to monitor water quality indicator bacteria concentration several times a month rather than once a month is because this will allow their test results to be more accurate. There are different factors that can affect the reading such as, weather, time of day, and time of the month therefore at any given time of the month the water can contain very high or low concentrations of any microbe which wouldn’t signify how contaminated or safe the water truly is. When monitoring more often for results, it ensures more accurate results. Q8. Even though we do not have several measurements over time, I feel that it is unsafe to drink the Meadow Lake Water because it tested positive for all three bacteria’s in high concentrations. Q9. I think that the Meadow Lake should be closely monitored because it contained high concentrations of the bacteria. Also I would be curious to know if the water in Coney Island Beach is contaminated as it’s a very popular beach surrounded by so many attractions etc. Q10. I do believe that the Flushing Creek is at risk for contamination by CSOs because storm water can easily drag and mix sewage water into the creek. The sewers might haveShow MoreRelatedThe Experiment : King Corn And Big River1477 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst day showed how well the class worked together to follow the directions. While looking over the new safety procedure for this lab, I realized that I had already broken a rule by bringing a drink into class. I had to end up throwing it away before I could begin the lab. Throughout the class Mr. Monk showed us where everything was located. After finishing the lab, I remembered how to use a microscope. It was fun finding the different organisms on each of the slides. 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Living in a world that is roughly 70% water, and all living creatures found on this planet depend on this resource whether directly or indirectly, making water quality an important topic and vital toRead MoreWater and Quality1557 Words   |  7 Pages(Rough draft) Final Lab Report Angela Blake SCI 207: Dependence of man on the environment Instructor: Bo Sosnicki Date: November 23, 2015 Introduction Body Paragraph #1 - Background: In this lab we will examine the different pollutants of water and examine contaminates of it as well. 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When water quality is corrupted withRead MoreHow Would A Summer Of Research At Whoi Benefit Your Education And Career Plans?862 Words   |  4 Pagesconfidence by giving me a different, more specific assessment of the skills acquired so far and those that are needed in oceanography. In addition, working under the guidance of a WHOI scientist would help me further develop and refine my analytical and lab skills while the day at sea on Tioga would be an exciting practical experience. 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Describe and Explain the Findings of the Vegetation Quadrats Along a Transect on Studland Sand Dunes free essay sample

Describe and explain the findings of the vegetation quadrats along a transect on Studland sand dunes. Figure 1 Figure 1 The results of the vegetation quadrats along a transect on Studland sand dunes showed that the amount of vegetation increased and changed, while the percentage of bare ground decreased as the sampling sites increased. The reasons behind this can be explained by clarifying what a typical transect is, starting with low embryo dunes near the shoreline and much taller mature dunes several hundred meters back from the shore (as indicated in Figure 1). As you follow the transect from the beach, the dunes get older and the vegetation changes, gradually coving more and more bare sand and increasing in height. A graph to show % vegetation cover on Studland Dunes A graph to show % vegetation cover on Studland Dunes The data suggests that at the first sampling point that there is no vegetation present. This can be justified by the fact that the sample was taken just as the dunes started on the embryo dune. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and Explain the Findings of the Vegetation Quadrats Along a Transect on Studland Sand Dunes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore reasons for no vegetation is that there are extreme conditions at this point; very high pH values (8+); rapid drainage; no humus; high wind speed and lots of salt spray, all of which make it almost impossible for vegetation to grown and the colonies, furthermore this dune can be disappear as quickly as they form. From the graph we can see that sample site 2, 3 and 4 that is on average 98% bare ground and some vegetation is appearing as is suggests there is 2% marram grass, and at sample site 5 and 6 have a 100% cover in marram grass. I think the reasons for this is because there is sparse vegetation it must be a fore dune and sample 5 and 6 might be on a yellow dune. The percentages can be explained by using knowledge of the fore and dunes which are similar except for the their maturity (yellow dunes being older and slightly more developed). Thus, the vegetation has started to grow there because there is reduced winds speed (although its still high, marram grass has long deep roots), decreased pH values (marram grass is salt tolerant), water is lightly more retentive (marram grass has inrolled leaves to reduce moisture loss), some humus is formed and the dune surface is continuously blow away and replaced by new sand (when t is replaced it accumulated around vegetation, however strangely marram grass thrives on being buried in sand). At sample sites 7 to 10 the graph suggest that many plants are co-existing and are also closer together which is suggested by the fact that there is 0% for bare ground, also the heig ht of vegetation increases to 90cm, which are all characteristics of grey dunes. The wider variety, and the densely population vegetation can be explained by the features of the dune, which is a lower pH, less wind (shelter by seaward dunes), therefore less mobile sand, thus sand no longer accumulating and higher humus content all of which combine together to make a better habitat for vegetation. Lastly sample sites 11-16 must be the mature dunes, however the graph also indicates this as almost all those samples have a large percentage of heather, which is extremely common in mature dunes. Mature dunes are perfect for acid loving plants (like heather) and a wide variety co-exist together, in mature dunes there is normally acidic soils, increased organic mater content (humus), rich in nutrition and shelter developed for seaward dunes. In sample site 14 it is almost an anomaly for mature dunes, in retrospect the sample could have been in a dune slack as it is a 100% moss, because in dune slacks you find moisture loving plants, which can survive in damp low lying hollows, when there is a high water table in winter and varying pH habitat, all of which moss could with stand. Overall the graph to showing the percentage of vegetation cover and height on Studland Dunes can be explained by understanding the transect of the beach, as vegetation changes along the transect according to the pH, wind condition, the soils moisture, and all other factors which have been said above depending on the dunes maturity.

Inequality in Society

Introduction There is no question that inequality is prevalent in all sorts of human society. No matter the level of human development, inequality seems to be existent. It is even present in simple cultures where there is minimal variation in wealth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Inequality in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some individuals in such cultures may have privilege because of their prowess in certain skills such as hunting, medicine or access to ancestral power. In modern societies, inequality manifests in social and economic classes, power, income, access to health facilities, academic, gender and other forms. Social economical classes are the most common in most societies and have attracted attention from many sociologists. Many societies try to address the class issue but with little success. Even socialist and communist governments that try to eliminate social economic classes fail to a chieve equality. In Canada today, inequality is evident in various forms. Social economic classes, income variation, health, academic, ethnic, gender and other forms of inequality are obvious in the country. In the essay, I will join other sociologists in trying to address the persistent question â€Å"why inequality exist?† Overview Inequality, also referred to as social stratification, has been a core subject to sociologists for many years (Macionis and Linda 2010). Sociologists try to understand, explain and prescribe solutions to the issue of inequality. Despite of major sociologists such as Max Weber, Karl Marx and others trying to prescribe solution to inequality, the issue continues to persist. Marx was critical of capitalism and accused it of existence of social classes. On the other hand, Weber agreed with Marx that economic interests led to social classes but viewed social stratification in terms of class, prestige and power. There are mainly two schools of thought to the issue of inequality: conflict and functional theories. To understand why inequality exists, it is helpful to review the divergent positions presented by the two theories and try to come up with a reconciling position. Conflict and Functionalism Theories Conflict and functionalism theories are the main theories trying to provide answers to why inequality exists in the society. The two theories take fundamentally different approaches to explain the issue. Functionalism theory views inequality as unavoidable and important to the society while conflict theory considers inequality to result from conflict and coercion in the social system (Andersen and Taylor 2006). To functionalism sociologists, society is a system of parts with each part having useful contribution to the system. According to the theory, society can be compared to human body where various parts such as lungs, hands, heart, and eyes contribute to functionality of the body as a whole.Advertising Looking for ess ay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way the social system maintains itself is of more interest to functionalist sociologists than specific interactions between the different parts of the system. To functionalists, inequality is unavoidable and leads to some good to the society. The theory assumes that any pattern in social system has its good purposes. Considering occupations, functionalists justify inequality in rewards by asserting that the rewards reflect the importance of the different occupations to the system. For instance, functionalists would explain the high rewards and respect given to some occupations such as doctors, scientists and judges as compared to other occupations such farming and garbage collections, by saying that the former occupations are more important to the society as a whole. In addition, they would claim that such occupations require much talent, effort and education. Therefore, th e high reward is meant to encourage individuals to take the pain to occupy such important positions. Conflict theory provides the other extreme explanation to inequality in society. Unlike functionalism theory, conflict theory compares society to war. Conflict theory sociologists consider the society to be held together by conflict and coercion among members of the society. According to Ridney (2001), conflict theory likens society to battlefield where members compete for control of limited resources and power. Unlike functionalists that stratify the society to functional parts that cooperate for the good of the society, conflict theory views society as consisting of competing parts (Rigney 2001). The theorists, led by Karl Marx, consider social classes to result from blocked opportunities rather than talent and effort. While functionalists justify unequal rewards for different occupations as a way to utilize important talents and abilities, conflict theorists consider stratificatio n in the society to limit utilization of talents from lower class. To conflict theorists, stratification in the society does not have positive contribution to the society. Conflict and functionality theories on inequality shed light into causes of social stratification but do not completely explain the situation. The society can be viewed both as functional parts and as competing parts. Doctors, lawyers, scientists, carpenters, farmers, garbage collectors, cooks and other occupations are important to the society. As functionalists argue, some occupations such as medicine require more effort and many years of preparation. It is therefore reasonable to reward doctors, judges and other such occupations highly to motivate individuals to occupy them. It is also natural to give respect and honor to individuals with unique and important skills. For instance, if a country has a single neurosurgeon, the surgeon would be valued and respected without asking for it.Advertising We will writ e a custom essay sample on Inequality in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it should be appreciated that other occupations that are considered less important, such as farming, are vital to sustainability of a society. Functionalism therefore makes sense when the society is considered as a system without deep consideration of individual members of the system. For instance, the theory cannot provide a convincing explanation to why some individual strive for wealth and power, since amassing wealth and power is not always good for the society. Conflict theory provides a more practical explanation to inequality. Competition is a central thing in the society. Individuals compete for scarce resource, recognition, power and prestige (Macionis 2001). Considering scenario of a school, students compete for attention from their teacher, to be included in their school’s base-ball team, to top their class academically, to win scholarship for high education and many other things. At individual lever, a student chooses an occupation mostly not by its contribution to the society but by reward and prestige that would come with it. In business, an individual is mostly motivated by the power and prestige that go along with wealth rather than importance of their service to the society. Conflict theory can explain competition in school, business, politics, and other occupation and social stratification that result. Bottom-line to stratified society, in fact, is the human propensity to gain dominion over others. Challenge to social equality Attaining social equality is a major objective for human right bodies across the globe. However, that objective is not easy to achieve considering various manifestation of inequality in the world. In Canada, despite of various steps taken to ensure equality in various forms, inequality persists. Social equality implies all people in a society having equal status. At minimum s ocial equality implies equal rights to all individual in a society. The state however is not easy to achieve mostly because of historic inequality that already exist. For instance, although Canadian constitution guarantees equal rights to quality health and education, there is evident inequality in health and education. Individuals in upper social economic classes have resources to access high standard of health services and afford quality education for themselves and for their children. Limited interaction between individuals from different social class makes it hard to achieve equality. Individuals in upper social class tend to relate more with individuals in the same social class while individuals in other social classes do the same. Therefore, there is little chance for an individual to cross over from on social class to another (Horowitz 1997). In addition, individuals in privileged social class have resources, power and influence to maintain the status quo of inequality.Advert ising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Division of labor has high contribution to inequality. Different occupations attract varying rewards and therefore contribute to inequality. Occupations such as medicine, engineering and law tend to attract high rewards as compared to other occupations as gardening. Even in occupations requiring relatively equal years of training, rewards seem to vary (Loseke 1999). For example, despite of going through almost equal years of training, a teacher is likely to earn less as compared to an engineer. In addition, division of labor leads to some occupations being considered superior to others therefore promoting social stratification. Individuals from different social economic classes may understand inequality differently. A wealthy individual can consider social inequality proportional to creativity and effort that an individual exerts in his endeavors. The rich may consider their fortune to result from their hard work and consider poverty to result from laziness and lack of initiative. O n the other hand, a poor person can view social stratification to result from social injustice. Conclusion In conclusion, there is no obvious answer to why inequality exists in society. Inequality continues to exist even in countries with high level of human development as Canada. Functionalism and conflict theories can however help understand social stratification. To functionalists, social stratification is not necessarily evil but serves an important function in the society. On the other hand, conflict theory explains inequality to result from competition in society. Without regard to how inequality comes about, it is obvious that high level of inequality is dehumanizing and can lead to social evils such as crime. It is therefore important to minimize inequality as much as possible. To promote social equality, an enabling environment that exposes all individuals to equal opportunities is necessary. References Andersen, Margaret and Howard Taylor. 2006. Sociology: the essentials. New York: Cengage Learning. Horowitz, Ruth.1997. â€Å"Barriers and Bridges to Class Mobility and Formation: Ethnographies of Stratification†. Sociological Methods and Research 25 (1):495-538. Loseke, Donileen. 1999. Thinking about Social Problems: An Introduction to Constructionist Perspectives. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Macionis, John and Linda Gerber. 2010. Sociology, 7th Canadian edition. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada. Macionis, John. 2001. Sociology, 8th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Rigney, Daniel. 2001. The Metaphorical Society: An Invitation to Social Theory. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield. This essay on Inequality in Society was written and submitted by user Dimitri Grimes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.